Definition
Photogrammetry is the science of taking measurements from photographs. By capturing many overlapping images of an object or landscape and analysing them, software can reconstruct accurate 3D shapes, distances, and maps from what are essentially ordinary pictures.
The technique works because the same point appears in several photos taken from slightly different positions. Comparing those views reveals depth, much as our two eyes let us perceive three dimensions. The result can be a detailed 3D model, a point cloud, or a precise map.
In simple terms, photogrammetry turns a collection of photographs into measurable, three-dimensional information about the real world.
How It Works
The process starts with capturing overlapping images, often from a drone flying a grid pattern or from a camera moving around an object. Software then identifies matching features across the photos and works out the camera positions and the 3D location of each shared point.
From these points, the software builds a dense point cloud, which can be turned into surfaces, textured 3D models, orthophotos, or elevation maps. Adding ground control points with known coordinates lets the final results be georeferenced and measured with high accuracy.
Applications
Photogrammetry is used in surveying, construction, mapping, heritage, agriculture, and visual effects. Drone photogrammetry produces site maps and volume measurements, heritage specialists capture artefacts and monuments, and film and game studios create realistic 3D assets. It is a flexible, low-cost route to accurate 3D data using cameras that are widely available.
Benefits
- Accurate 3D models and maps from ordinary photographs.
- Lower equipment cost compared with some laser systems.
- Rich colour and texture captured alongside geometry.
- Scalable from small objects to large landscapes.
- Strong fit with drone workflows and reality capture.
Related Terms
- Point Cloud
- Orthophoto
- SfM (Structure from Motion)
- Drone Mapping
Frequently Asked Questions
How does photogrammetry work?
It captures overlapping photos of a subject, then uses software to match features across images, calculate camera positions, and reconstruct accurate 3D geometry.
What is the difference between photogrammetry and LiDAR?
Photogrammetry derives 3D data from photographs, while LiDAR measures distance directly with laser pulses. Photogrammetry captures rich colour, whereas LiDAR often performs better in low light or dense vegetation.
What accuracy can photogrammetry achieve?
With good imagery and ground control points, photogrammetry can reach centimetre-level accuracy, though results depend on camera quality, overlap, and processing.
What is aerial photogrammetry?
Aerial photogrammetry captures the overlapping images from an aircraft or drone flying above the survey area to map the ground below.
About Track3D
Track3D helps teams transform drone imagery and photogrammetry data into actionable digital twins and reality capture insights. Learn more at Track3D.
